Black holes still are the most mysterious objects in our universe. Their mystery can be compared only with the mystery of the whole unive...
Black holes still are the most mysterious objects in our universe. Their mystery can be compared only with the mystery of the whole universe itself. Even if we know a lot about them, even if we took a photo of them, we are just guessing how they had born, how they live, and what is their fate.
The mystery behind the black holes is our present ignorance about what we may call extreme conditions, when and where our relativity theory meets, and collides with our quantum theory. In the case of the black holes, it is what behind the black holes' event horizon.
The event horizon of a black hole is where, according to our current knowledge, infinities and zeroes exist. Behind the event horizon, the gravity reaches infinite and the matter becomes zero in size. This cannot be true.
What is behind the event horizon then? Our current theories cannot answer this question. We need to use speculations. Speculation is even less founded than an educated guess, still, it can turn out to be true.
Black holes are extremely compact objects, where so much matter is accumulated that the created gravity cannot let even the light, the weightless photons to escape. Where this gravitational limit exists, it is where the event horizon is. Because not even the light can escape, no physical effect can pass back through the event horizon to the "normal" world. The event horizon is a one-way street and looks like a tear in the space-time.
What we know about black holes, and what is most likely to be true is valid only until we reach the black hole's event horizon. We do not know what is behind the event horizon because no information can escape from under that area. However, the matter can go through at least in one direction (and might be both if the hypothetical Hawking radiation is true) and matter, even if it is in a special state, can exist behind the event horizon.
According to our current models, if matter passes through the event horizon, it will continue to collapse until it reaches the singularity, reaches the zero size in the center of the black hole, where the infinite gravity exists. This model cannot be true. Nature does not allow zeroes and infinities, somehow avoid them. Today we do not know how nature can avoid these extremes. This is why we need to use speculations.
A black hole must have angular momentum, so the size of the matter inside it cannot be zero. The matter must occupy space inside the black hole.
If the matter is not just a point inside the black hole but somehow it has a size, then we must think about the rule of gravity. The strength of gravity depends on the mass present. In the case of a spherical shape, gravity depends only on the matter what is inside in the radius of the sphere where we are. The gravity at the center of a spherical mass is practically zero. The pressure and temperature can be high at the center, but the gravity is close to zero. And less and less as we are closer to the center. This rule of gravity should be valid in the case of a black hole too.
If the matter has size inside the black hole's event horizon than the gravity at the center of the black hole is practically zero.
The strongest gravity exists at the surface of a black hole. According to our current view, the black hole does not have a surface, the event horizon only a boundary. However, if the matter occupies space in the black hole, a black hole must have surface also, and it is where the gravity is maximum. This maximum gravity must create a maximum pressure and temperature in the black hole and must create a special state of the matter, what we may call the Most Compact State. It is the state that extreme gravity creates from the matter under the event horizon by some presently unknown process. Where is this limit, where is the surface of the black hole?
According to our current view, the event horizon is a one-way street for the matter, except for the theoretical, quantum theory founded Hawking radiation. When the black hole swallows matter, the event horizon becomes bigger, the radius of the black hole grows.
If the event horizon is a tear of the space-time, and no physical effect can go through it in the backward direction but the matter can pass through to go inward, then it looks just a convention of a question what is the surface of the black hole. We do not know what happens to the matter when it passes through the event horizon and how long it falls until it reaches the speculative surface of the black hole, but it might be easier to think about that another way.
What if the physical surface of the black hole is the event horizon? It makes the whole structure inside the event horizon situation simpler and still might not be too simple (after Einstein's requirement). In this case, the matter actually does not pass through the event horizon. It just converts and joins to the Most Compact State of the matter in the black hole. As it joins, it makes a larger sphere what we see as a larger event horizon. In this case, we do not need to figure out what happens to the matter when it passes through the event horizon. It does not pass through. It extends it as it changes its state to the Most Compact State in the effect of the gravity present, and/or by the effect of the tear of the space-time by passing it through.
The Most Compact State must be stable on the physical conditions under the event horizon, even where the gravity is less, closer toward the center of the black hole. Particle accelerators using heavy nucleons might be able to create the environment to find this stable state of the matter.
Quantum theory allows that quantum effects pass through the event horizon. This process could convert matter from the Most Compact State to the normal state, so Hawking radiation still possible even if it would be based upon different theories.
The proposed, speculative theory can make black hole structure behind the event horizon understandable and more realistic by the extended knowledge in matter physics and would liberate us from extreme ideas like space-time wormholes. If the hypothetical Most Compact State could be found in the field of matter science with the parameters existing in the black holes, the theory would have a foundation. This state of the matter would require a new foundation of matter-space-time physics to understand the structure of the matter in black holes. This new foundation can be the string theory, or loop quantum gravity, or might be the hypothetical grid model discussed in several thoughts here.
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