The quantum world is strange. Our common sense is deterministic, but the quantum world is built on probability. In the quantum world, eve...
The quantum world is strange. Our common sense is deterministic, but the quantum world is built on probability. In the quantum world, every interaction can be described only by chance and by statistics instead of determination. Or, we should say, the quantum world determined by probability. Non-deterministic behavior comes with the size of the system. If the system is small enough, then it starts to behave probabilistically. It means if we measure a property of the system we get a concrete value, and if we measure it in a different time, we get a concrete value again but most likely a different one. If we measure this value, many times we get a specific distribution of the values, which is specific to the given system. This is the non-deterministic determination. It looks like statistical laws are working instead of deterministic laws. It is a very strange world indeed where the physical laws give patterns and not a specific value, even if the circumstances are the same.
However, we can see this kind of behavior in our macroscopic world as well. Let's see a machine. It counts the whole numbers from zero to ninety-nine orderly, one hundred different numbers at a given speed. It is a deterministic machine. The machine has a switch, that when we use it, the machine shows us the number which it is just counted. It is the measurement on the machine. It is a deterministic machine; however, it can behave non-deterministic as a quantum system.
Let's say the machine counts its numbers one in each second. We can easily figure it out, it is deterministic if we turn the switch in each second and see the numbers orderly.
What if the machine counts the numbers faster? Until we can turn the switch quickly enough, we can see the order of the numbers.
What if the machine counts the numbers faster then we can turn the switch? We still have the chance to see the deterministic behavior, if we turn the switch on slower frequency, then the numbers counted, but still synchronized to it. Let's say we can turn the switch five times slower than the frequency of the counter, but still synchronized to it. We can see only every fifth number but still ordered. Making this measurement different random times, we can even see the whole number line combining the measurements.
If the frequency of the counter is even faster, but we still can keep the synchronous switching, we may miss the whole number line, but we can still see some of the properties for example odd or even sequences or sequences which can be divided by a specific number. Therefore, if the switching system modulated synchronously to the counting system, we can see the properties of the counting system.
However, this method has its limitations. It works until we can keep at least the synchronization. If we cannot turn the switch precisely enough to keep it synchronized because it's high frequency, then the counting system behavior - as we see it by using the switch - change drastically. We see numbers in completely random order. To see this random behavior, the difference between the counting mechanism and the switching mechanism frequency must be in several factors, and the precision of the switching mechanism, the needed time to turn the switch must be several factors greater than the cycle of the counting.
What properties can we see in this case of the counting system? We still can see the range of the numbers, in random distribution but practically nothing else.
Can be a quantum system a deterministic oscillating system, oscillating on a very high frequency? Do we see quantum randomness because our equipment is inadequate to match the quantum system's vibration frequency? Do we see physical laws behind the randomness because we can create (or just experience) synchronous modulation in special arrangements? The idea, the thought is this, and the answer is yes.
We see the quantum world as strange because the Planck frequency, the natural vibration speed of the quantum world is so huge. However, behind this curtain of Planck frequency vibration, the quantum world is precisely deterministic. Also, this hidden determinism needed to understand the phenomenon of quantum entanglement.
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